All the world's three largest coal producing countries posted new output records in 2023, sparking global oversupply concerns. 

China, the world's largest coal producer, set a new record of 4.66 billion tonnes in 2023, up 2.9% from 2022.

India produced 1.01 billion tonnes in the calendar year of 2023, surging 10.9% year on year and exceeding the threshold of 1 billion tonnes for the first time. Coal production in Indonesia also reached a record high of 775.2 million tonnes.

Other main coal producing countries, however, registered declines in output last year. The U.S. production fell 2.1% to 582 million short tons (528 million tonnes), down 2.1%. Russia's output witnessed a 1% fall to 430 million tonnes, while that in South Africa dropped 3% to 232 million tonnes.

The International Energy Agency estimated Australia's coal production will dip mildly to 439 million tonnes in 2023.

But in Mongolia, coal output last year surged 118% to 81.19 million tonnes, due to a pandemic-affected low base of comparison.

(Writing by Rebecca Liu  Editing by Alex Guo)
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